In the first place, this research made it possible to pinpoint the exact origin of Gamal Abdel Nasser’s famous text. This text, which concerns the Revolution of 23 July 1952, was published for the first time between August 1953 and July 1954 as three press articles. The Arabic critical edition enables one to simultaneously read the original text and the modifications that occurred when the text was republished as a booklet in 1954 and 1956 and subsequently became an emblematic text of the new regime. The French translation and its critical edition show the modifications made between those three versions when they modify the translation and add a linguistic and historical critical apparatus. The analysis brings the dialogue between the text and its original context back to life. We thereby discover that Nasser’s text was a response to three previous articles entitled The Philosophy of the coup published by the young left Wafdist guard. A comparison of those articles and Nasser’s articles enables one to understand that behind the question of whether the seizure of power by the Free Officers was a revolution or a coup, lies a deeper debate on the place of social justice within the struggle for national liberation. The analysis then addresses the matter of the articulation between social justice and the national liberation struggle. The issue is placed within a theoretical framework which is inspired mainly by the study of ‘the anti-colonial nationalist Hegelian-Marxist discourse’ as propounded by Dipesh Chakrabarty. In so doing, we recall that Nasser’s text explicitly calls for class struggle.