Brecha digital y empleabilidad: desafíos tecnológicos de la población activa en el Ecuador

Abstract

This study aimed to analyze the impact of the digital divide on employability and entrepreneurship among the economically active population in Ecuador, considering the inequalities in access, use, and effective adoption of information and communication technologies. To achieve this objective, a qualitative research approach with a theoretical and documentary review design was applied, based on the analysis of indexed scientific articles, institutional reports, specialized books, and official documents published between 2020 and 2024. The information was systematized using analysis matrices and examined through critical reading, thematic comparison, and theoretical triangulation. The main findings reveal that a significant portion of the active population exhibits low to medium levels of digital literacy, which restricts access to formal employment, limits labor mobility, and reduces opportunities for sustainable entrepreneurship. The evidence indicates that the digital divide is not solely associated with access to devices and connectivity but is largely determined by the development of digital skills applied to work and innovation. Additionally, notable sociodemographic disparities related to educational level, age, gender, and geographic location influence the productive use of ICT and deepen labor inequalities. Overall, the results underscore the need to strengthen public policies and continuous training programs focused on digital skills development as a key strategy to improve employability, reduce labor precariousness, and promote entrepreneurship in Ecuador.