8: Blockchain public sector use cases in the EU

Abstract

This chapter examines the adoption of blockchain technology within the EU public sector, with a focus on empirical applications to elucidate opportunities and challenges encountered throughout the implementation process. It begins with an overview of the EU policy context, identifying trends in the adoption of blockchain technology across public services. The chapter analyses two case studies: a verification system for Earth observation data and a solution for issuing verifiable digital academic credentials. The findings show that blockchain technology can significantly enhance public sector services by improving data integrity, security and efficiency. However, its implementation also presents challenges, such as technical integration, interoperability, legal recognition and the need for user-centred designs and effective collaboration. The lessons drawn from these cases underscore the importance of a strategic approach that addresses the technical, legal and organisational barriers to implementation. Finally, the transition from pilot projects to operational systems is critical to unlocking the full potential of blockchain technology in the public sector.