Giuseppe Tucci (1894–1984), one of the most eminent orientalists of the 20th century, distinguished himself through the breadth of his theoretical research and his outstanding organizational skills. His achievements include the founding of the Italian Institute for the Middle and Far East and the planning of numerous major expeditions across Asia.Drawing on largely unpublished material, this book traces Tucci’s biographical and intellectual journey. It not only highlights the richness and complexity of his work, but also — and above all — situates his intellectual persona within a broader historical perspective. In particular, it examines how Tucci's career fits into the unique context of 20th-century Italian history, notably marked by the controversial involvement of many intellectuals in the cultural policies of the fascist regime.