Through the eyes of archaeologists, historians, and art historians, this volume traces the emergence and consolidation of archaeological research in the Iberian Peninsula and Morocco since the late nineteenth century, drawing on the example of the scientific excavations at Baelo Claudia, on the north bank of the Strait of Gibraltar. The exceptional state of preservation of this Roman city, the main gateway to Tingi (Tangier), has made it, for over a century, a remarkable testing ground for archaeological and historical disciplines, as envisioned by its pioneer scholar Pierre Paris (1859-1931), who also established the Casa de Velázquez. The book reveals an exceptional site and a scholarly community that embodies the internationalization of research, now focused on bringing together knowledge from both shores of the Mediterranean.