Hortfunde der Spätbronze- und Früheisenzeit. Ein prozesslogischer Paradigmawechsel

Abstract

Throughout his Ph.D. Thesis, José Eduardo M. de Medeiros has balanced a deeply theoretical approach with the study of concrete problems within Central European Bronze and Iron Age Archaeology. The original objective of his thesis was the investigation of Late Bronze Age jewellery hoards in France. But an initial examination of the literature on the hoards of the Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age led to the insight that the foundations of prehistoric interpretation required a deeper critical revision. The proposed reflection is closely linked to a sociological theory of culture that entails a critical view of how human beings explain objects and events in the world. According to this view, there is a marked revolutionary change between “pre-modern” (subject logic) and “modern” (processual logic) explanations, and it has been Medeiros’s work to understand the ramifications of this paradigm shift for archaeological investigation. Essentially, this theoretical reflection questions attempts to explain a fact through recourse to the subjective intention or plan behind the fact. Consequently, these insights lead to a relativization of the subjective intention as a tool for interpretation of archaeological remains. Such a position poses serious consequences for archaeological theories in general, and for the interpretations of the hoarding phenomenon of the Late Bronze and Early Iron Age in particular. The archaeological category of hoards is currently defined as an intentional selection of objects for unknown reasons. Nevertheless, the underlying intention is a highly-important instrument for the classification of the hoard finds as being either profane and/or ritual forms of deposition. Thus, an over reliance on the intentions behind an act clearly contrasts with the negative definition of that category. This work shows that jewellery, vessels and weapons constitute different kinds of depositions (a.k.a. hoards), and that in addition, when these depositions are viewed in the religious context of the period, jewellery and vessels carry the same importance as weapons. This is contrary to the more common view that emphasizes warriors and their weapons, which the author demonstrates to be a male bias having psychological and sociological foundations. Finally, this book offers a reconstructive approach that clarifies the cultural significance of the jewellery hoards.