Publications
Now showing items 121-140 of 157
EIB Working Paper 2024/02 - The effect of uncertainty on investment
(2024)
Using firm-level survey data combined with firm-level financial information, this working paper examines the impact of uncertainty on EU firms' investment and employment growth. The analysis shows that increased uncertainty ...
EIB Working Paper 2023/06
(2023)
Many creditworthy non-financial firms are discouraged from applying for loans, resulting in a significant gap between their potential to receive credit and the reality. To quantify the credit gap, this study combines a ...
EIB Working Paper 2022/02 - How to foster climate innovation in the European Union
(2022)
Relying on the EIB Online Survey on Climate Innovations, we investigate the different climate innovations European firms are currently using, their motivations and challenges, and their views on current regulatory frameworks. ...
EIB Working Paper 2024/07 - How regional spillovers shape EU firms’ climate investments
(2024)
Data from the European Investment Bank Investment Survey (EIBIS) for 2023 provides insights on why EU firms adopt greener practices and the influence of spillover effects, in which climate investment decisions in one region ...
Financing and borrowing activities 2023
(2024)
This report lays out the European Investment Bank’s public policy goals and details its investments in the projects that support them. It provides a breakdown of all projects signed in 2023 within the European Union and ...
Stockholm
(2019)
Once upon a time there was a city in a cold place a long way to the north. One day the city started to tell a story about itself. As the chapters unfolded, life in the city changed, and soon it didn’t even seem so cold or ...
EIB Global Impact Report 2023/2024
(2024)
Covering EIB Global’s activities in 2023, this annual report shows how these activities are aligned with EU priorities and initiatives in different regions. It details the results and impact achieved by EIB Global’s ...
EIB Working Paper 2024/05 - A positive trade-off: Emissions reduction and costs under Phase IV of the Emissions Trading System
(2024)
The manufacturing sector is a significant contributor to greenhouse gas emissions in the EU. This paper investigates the impact of the EU Emissions Trading System (ETS) on this manufacturing sector. It employs a panel ...
EIB Group Activity Report 2019
(2020)
This report tracks the green thread that runs through the European Investment Bank Group’s work in 2019, specifically action to fight climate change. Climate action has long been a significant factor in the Bank’s work. ...
Central, Eastern and South-Eastern Europe (CESEE) Bank Lending Survey: First half of 2024
(2024)
The CESEE Bank Lending Survey is a unique instrument developed in the context of the Vienna Initiative to monitor cross-border banking activities and deleveraging in Central, Eastern and South-Eastern Europe. It serves to ...
EIB Working Paper 2024/03 - Investment decisions in a high-inflation environment
(2024)
In the 2021-2022 period, European firms have faced historically high inflation, with annual increases in consumer prices peaking at 11.5 % in October 2022. While the linkage between high inflation and investments is expected ...
EIB Investment Report 2024/2025
(2025)
The European Union must solidify its position as a global leader in technology, innovation and clean energy. By addressing key challenges and leveraging existing strengths, Europe can enhance its competitiveness, foster ...
EIB Working Paper 2025/02 - How do macroprudential policies affect corporate investment? Insights from EIBIS data
(2025)
Macroprudential policies aim to preserve financial stability by curbing excessive risk-taking in the financial system. As a knock-on effect, they can also impact investment activity by firms. This study uses firm-level ...
EIB Working Paper 2024/06 - Intangible differences: Investment during the pandemic and the role of financial constraints
(2024)
The COVID-19 crisis triggered a reduction in investment by European firms, affecting both tangible assets like buildings and machinery, and investments in intangible assets like research and development (R&D) and training. ...
What drives firms' investment in climate change?
(2023)
High energy prices in Europe and uncertainty caused by the Ukraine war are testing EU firms’ ability to invest in climate change measures.
Europe urgently needs to embrace the transition to green energy, and firms will ...
EIB Working Paper 2024/04 - The impact of the digital and green transitions on investment inefficiency
(2024)
Firms do not always invest at the optimal and most efficient level. This study examines whether investing in green and digital technologies tends to make the level of firms' investments more efficient or inefficient. Using ...
20230030 Financing and borrowing activities 2022
(2024)
The European Investment Bank is the world’s biggest multilateral investor. This report lays out the EU bank’s priorities and details its investments in the projects that support those policy goals. The European Investment ...
EIB Working Paper 2025/03 - Access to finance and corporate emissions: A distributional perspective
(2024)
The ability of firms to reduce carbon emissions is linked to how well they can invest in new lower-emissions technologies, and thus to the types of finance they can access. This study investigates the relationship between ...
CESEE Bank Lending Survey – Spring 2023
(2023)
The CESEE Bank Lending Survey is a unique instrument developed in the context of the Vienna Initiative to monitor cross-border banking activities and deleveraging in Central, Eastern and South-Eastern Europe. It serves to ...
EIB Working Papers 2020/02 - Impact of FDI on economic growth
(2020)
The impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on economic growth is affected by incomes levels and the quality of the institutional environment. This paper examines these relationships based on data for 111 countries, ...