Publications
Now showing items 121-157 of 157
EIB Working Paper 2024/02 - The effect of uncertainty on investment
(2024)
Using firm-level survey data combined with firm-level financial information, this working paper examines the impact of uncertainty on EU firms' investment and employment growth. The analysis shows that increased uncertainty ...
EIB Working Paper 2023/06
(2023)
Many creditworthy non-financial firms are discouraged from applying for loans, resulting in a significant gap between their potential to receive credit and the reality. To quantify the credit gap, this study combines a ...
EIB Working Paper 2022/02 - How to foster climate innovation in the European Union
(2022)
Relying on the EIB Online Survey on Climate Innovations, we investigate the different climate innovations European firms are currently using, their motivations and challenges, and their views on current regulatory frameworks. ...
EIB Working Paper 2024/07 - How regional spillovers shape EU firms’ climate investments
(2024)
Data from the European Investment Bank Investment Survey (EIBIS) for 2023 provides insights on why EU firms adopt greener practices and the influence of spillover effects, in which climate investment decisions in one region ...
Financing and borrowing activities 2023
(2024)
This report lays out the European Investment Bank’s public policy goals and details its investments in the projects that support them. It provides a breakdown of all projects signed in 2023 within the European Union and ...
Stockholm
(2019)
Once upon a time there was a city in a cold place a long way to the north. One day the city started to tell a story about itself. As the chapters unfolded, life in the city changed, and soon it didn’t even seem so cold or ...
EIB Global Impact Report 2023/2024
(2024)
Covering EIB Global’s activities in 2023, this annual report shows how these activities are aligned with EU priorities and initiatives in different regions. It details the results and impact achieved by EIB Global’s ...
EIB Working Paper 2024/05 - A positive trade-off: Emissions reduction and costs under Phase IV of the Emissions Trading System
(2024)
The manufacturing sector is a significant contributor to greenhouse gas emissions in the EU. This paper investigates the impact of the EU Emissions Trading System (ETS) on this manufacturing sector. It employs a panel ...
EIB Group Activity Report 2019
(2020)
This report tracks the green thread that runs through the European Investment Bank Group’s work in 2019, specifically action to fight climate change. Climate action has long been a significant factor in the Bank’s work. ...
Central, Eastern and South-Eastern Europe (CESEE) Bank Lending Survey: First half of 2024
(2024)
The CESEE Bank Lending Survey is a unique instrument developed in the context of the Vienna Initiative to monitor cross-border banking activities and deleveraging in Central, Eastern and South-Eastern Europe. It serves to ...
EIB Working Paper 2024/03 - Investment decisions in a high-inflation environment
(2024)
In the 2021-2022 period, European firms have faced historically high inflation, with annual increases in consumer prices peaking at 11.5 % in October 2022. While the linkage between high inflation and investments is expected ...
EIB Investment Report 2024/2025
(2025)
The European Union must solidify its position as a global leader in technology, innovation and clean energy. By addressing key challenges and leveraging existing strengths, Europe can enhance its competitiveness, foster ...
EIB Working Paper 2025/02 - How do macroprudential policies affect corporate investment? Insights from EIBIS data
(2025)
Macroprudential policies aim to preserve financial stability by curbing excessive risk-taking in the financial system. As a knock-on effect, they can also impact investment activity by firms. This study uses firm-level ...
EIB Working Paper 2024/06 - Intangible differences: Investment during the pandemic and the role of financial constraints
(2024)
The COVID-19 crisis triggered a reduction in investment by European firms, affecting both tangible assets like buildings and machinery, and investments in intangible assets like research and development (R&D) and training. ...
What drives firms' investment in climate change?
(2023)
High energy prices in Europe and uncertainty caused by the Ukraine war are testing EU firms’ ability to invest in climate change measures.
Europe urgently needs to embrace the transition to green energy, and firms will ...
EIB Working Paper 2024/04 - The impact of the digital and green transitions on investment inefficiency
(2024)
Firms do not always invest at the optimal and most efficient level. This study examines whether investing in green and digital technologies tends to make the level of firms' investments more efficient or inefficient. Using ...
20230030 Financing and borrowing activities 2022
(2024)
The European Investment Bank is the world’s biggest multilateral investor. This report lays out the EU bank’s priorities and details its investments in the projects that support those policy goals. The European Investment ...
EIB Working Paper 2025/03 - Access to finance and corporate emissions: A distributional perspective
(2024)
The ability of firms to reduce carbon emissions is linked to how well they can invest in new lower-emissions technologies, and thus to the types of finance they can access. This study investigates the relationship between ...
CESEE Bank Lending Survey – Spring 2023
(2023)
The CESEE Bank Lending Survey is a unique instrument developed in the context of the Vienna Initiative to monitor cross-border banking activities and deleveraging in Central, Eastern and South-Eastern Europe. It serves to ...
EIB Working Papers 2020/02 - Impact of FDI on economic growth
(2020)
The impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on economic growth is affected by incomes levels and the quality of the institutional environment. This paper examines these relationships based on data for 111 countries, ...
EIB Financial Report 2019
(2020)
In 2019, the Bank’s lending signatures amounted to EUR 63.3 billion.
This report includes the 2019 financial statements and audit report both for the EIB and the EIB Group.
Climate Solutions
(2019)
Climate change is the biggest threat humanity faces. So big, in fact, that it is sometimes hard to know what each of us, as individuals, can do to counter it. Climate Solutions details the challenges, lays out the solutions ...
EU-Africa Infrastructure Trust Fund Annual Report 2019
(2020)
The EU-AITF promotes infrastructure investment in sub-Saharan Africa and thereby helps eradicate poverty and stimulate sustainable economic growth. The Fund works by blending grants, provided by donors, and long-term ...
Investment Report 2021/2022 — Key Findings
(2022)
The massive resources the European Union is unleashing to rebuild after COVID-19 present a unique opportunity to deal with climate change and improve the ability of firms and individuals to compete in a more digital world. ...
Investment Report 2022/2023 - Key Findings
(2023)
Political strife caused by the war in Ukraine, an energy crisis and tightening credit are hitting EU firms just as they were beginning to emerge from the COVID-19 crisis. While the pandemic was a major shock, sizable policy ...
Global Solutions, International Partnerships
(2021)
The climate crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic remind us that we cannot face down our challenges alone—our solutions must be global. The European Investment Bank is at the heart of the push to turn EU policy initiatives into ...
EIB Working Paper 2021/07 - Can European businesses achieve productivity gains from investments in energy efficiency?
(2021)
When they consider investing in energy efficiency measures many firms focus only on direct energy savings and do not consider non-energy benefits that include increased labour productivity. To date, due to lack of high-quality ...
Health is wealth (Volume 3)
(2019)
Surgical intervention saves lives, but health policies in the developing world have often been too feeble or too focused on treating specific emergencies, rather than ensuring that everyone has access to true universal ...
2023-0288 Central, Eastern and South-Eastern Europe (CESEE) Bank Lending Survey
(2023)
The CESEE Bank Lending Survey is a unique instrument developed in the context of the Vienna Initiative to monitor cross-border banking activities and deleveraging in Central, Eastern and South-Eastern Europe. It serves to ...
Central, Eastern and South-Eastern Europe (CESEE) Bank Lending Survey: First half of 2025
(2025)
The CESEE Bank Lending Survey is a unique instrument developed in the context of the Vienna Initiative to monitor cross-border banking activities and deleveraging in Central, Eastern and South-Eastern Europe. It serves to ...
EIB at a glance
(2024)
As the largest and greenest multilateral lender in the world, the EIB helps economies flourish, creates jobs and promotes equality. Since 1958, the EIB has provided loans and expert advice for thousands of projects in over ...
Annual Report 2019 on EIB Activity in Africa, the Caribbean, the Pacific, and the Overseas Countries and Territories
(2020)
Let us introduce you to some of the people who are helping to make a difference and improve lives across sub-Saharan Africa, the Caribbean, the Pacific and the Overseas Countries and Territories. We speak to a greengrocer ...
EIB Working Paper 2023/02 - Trade disruptions in Europe
(2023)
Using firm-level data from the EIB Investment Survey, this paper describes how firms in the European Union have been affected by recent trade-related shocks, such as disruptions to logistics or access to materials, and how ...
EIB Investment Report 2020/2021
(2021)
The European Union's massive efforts to rebuild after the coronavirus pandemic present a unique opportunity to transform its economy, making it more green and digital – and ultimately more competitive. The Investment Report ...
EIB Group Sustainability Report 2019
(2020)
The EIB Group 2019 Sustainability Report provides an overview of the European Investment Bank Group’s operations and impact as they relate to our objective to support smart, sustainable and inclusive growth in a challenging ...
EIB Operations Inside the European Union 2019
(2020)
Every year, the EIB takes a hard look at the work we do across Europe. We want to see if we are meeting goals for innovation, small businesses and the climate. We want to be sure that our projects are making a big difference ...
Don't fear AI (Volume 2)
(2019)
Over the last decade, Europe and most advanced economies have experienced a decline in productivity, leading to political unrest and rising uncertainty about the future. A new production revolution, enabled in part by ...