Publications
Now showing items 1-60 of 157
Blueprint for Sustainable Living
(2024)
A blueprint presents drawings, dimensions and notes. This report draws vivid pictures of the beneficiaries of European Investment Bank projects in 2023. It includes data on the dimensions of our massive overall investment ...
EIB Working Paper 2023/01 - Advanced digital technologies and investment in employee training
(2023)
The use of advanced digital technologies such as 3D printing, advanced robotics, drones, big data analytics and artificial intelligence is spreading. These technologies have uncertain implications for labour demand. Affected ...
EIB Working Papers 2019/04 - Can survey-based information help to assess investment gaps in the EU? (Volume 2019/4)
(2019)
Information from surveys can be used alongside macroeconomic indicators to provide a better understanding of the obstacles to investment faced by firms. This study uses merged firm level data from the European Investment ...
EIB Working Papers 2020/01 - How can favourable financing improve energy efficiency investments?
(2020)
Financial instruments and technical assistance are effective in increasing investments in energy efficiency.
When these favourable conditions are combined, the probability that firms invest in energy efficiency increases ...
EIB Statistical Report 2019
(2020)
The Statistical Report presents in list form the projects financed and borrowings undertaken by the EIB in 2019, together with a list of the EIF's projects. It also includes summary tables for the year and over the last ...
Ten years of the Vienna Initiative
(2019)
Amidst the global financial crisis, international institutions, national authorities and international commercial banks collaborated closely to prevent contagion spreading to Central, East and south east Europe. They built ...
EIB Working Papers 2019/01 - Blockchain, FinTechs and their relevance for international financial institutions (Volume 2019/1)
(2019)
This paper provides an introduction to financial technology and blockchain, while exploring:
the impact of FinTechs and TechFins on the financial sector,
a description of blockchain technology and its applications, with ...
EIB Working Papers 2019/11 - Macro-based asset allocation
(2020)
Macro-based asset allocation is based on the identification of turning points in macro-financial cycles. This paper suggests that macro-based asset allocation informed by trends in continuous business and financial cycle ...
EIB Working Papers 2020/04 - Making a difference
(2020)
This paper investigates the impact of intermediated funding provided by the EIB on the performance of SMEs in the EU between 2008 and 2014. Using statistical analysis of firm-level data, it finds that EIB lending had a ...
EIB Working Paper 2020/08 - EIB Group Survey on Investment and Investment Finance
(2020)
Providing a technical analysis of the data quality of the EIB Investment Survey (EIBIS), this paper finds that the chosen sampling framework captures the business population of interest well and that there is little evidence ...
Hope and strength in the Western Balkans
(2020)
The Western Balkans have been a crossing point between Central Europe and the East for centuries.
Devastated by tragic conflicts, nationalism and neglected investments, the Western Balkan countries are striving to find a ...
EIB Working Papers 2019/03 - Financing and obstacles for high growth enterprises
(2019)
Firms can be identified as high growth, stable or declining. This paper investigates the links between these different phases in the life of a firm, investment activity, financing needs and financing constraints. Using the ...
EIB Working Papers 2019/06 - Promoting energy audits
(2019)
Energy audits are key to increase investments in energy efficiency
This paper assesses the effectiveness of policy interventions in promoting energy audits by relying on evidence from a unique experiment.
The findings of ...
EIB Working Paper 2020/06 - Digital technologies and firm performance
(2020)
As the productivity of the European economy shows signs of slowing down, many hopes are pinned on digital technologies to reverse this trend. This study uses data from the EIBIS 2019 survey to examine whether the adoption ...
EIB Working Paper 2020/07 - The growing digital divide in Europe and the United States (Volume 2020/7)
(2020)
Using the EIBIS Digital and Skills Survey on digitalisation activities of firms in the EU and the US, this study confirms the trend toward a growing digital divide in the corporate landscape with, on one side, many firms ...
From starting to scaling
(2020)
High growth startups are widely recognized as key sources of employment, productivity growth and innovation. However, while the long-term impact of the COVID-19 crisis on startups remains to be seen, many now face greater ...
The EIB Climate Survey 2019-2020
(2020)
The European Investment Bank has launched a large scale survey across Europe, China and the US.
Goal of the survey was to find out about:
Citizens’ perception about the extent of climate change
Citizens’ individual ...
EIB Working Papers 2019/07 - What firms don’t like about bank loans
(2019)
We use the association between non-financial firms and their banks, an information available in the European Investment Bank Investment Survey (EIBIS), to disentangle the effects of borrowers’ and lenders’ financial weakness ...
EIB Working Papers 2019/05 - Skill shortages and skill mismatch in Europe
(2019)
Labour markets are undergoing structural transformation due to globalisation, demographic trends, advancing digital technologies and automation and changes in labour market institutions. Against this background, businesses ...
Digitalisation in Europe 2022-2024
(2023)
The European Union is closing the digital gap with the United States. More than half of European firms invested in digitalisation during the COVID-19 pandemic, and they are rapidly catching up with their US peers in ...
Africa’s digital solutions to tackle COVID-19
(2020)
African countries are using technology in many new ways to fight the coronavirus pandemic. This report highlights some of the best digital solutions and estimates the investments required to implement the technology on a ...
Togetherness
(2020)
Europe’s cultural heritage is a vast, multifaceted mosaic showing who we were, who we are and who we aspire to be. We are all responsible for this huge, precious and fragile legacy.
The coronavirus pandemic revealed that ...
Climate risks for Latin America and the Caribbean
(2023)
Latin America and the Caribbean are increasingly experiencing the effects of climate change. Over the past two decades, the countries in the region have experienced as many as 1 350 natural disasters attributable to the ...
EIB Working Paper 2022/14 - The scarring effects of major economic downturns
(2022)
"Despite the efforts of policy makers to tackle recessions as they happen, there is ample evidence that major economic downturns produce lasting negative effects on real GDP, pointing to the existence of “economic scarring”. ...
The European Fund for Strategic Investments
(2021)
The inside story of the European Fund for Strategic Investments from 2015 to 2020 told through interviews with the Managing Director, Deputy Managing Director, members of the Investment Committee and final beneficiaries ...
EIB Working Paper 2021/03 - Assessing climate change risks at the country level
(2021)
The EIB Climate Change Risk Country Scoring Model provides a way to comprehensively assess the climate change risks faced by more than 180 countries. The two sets of scores for physical and transition risks aggregate ...
The state of local infrastructure investment in Europe
(2021)
Europe’s COVID-19 recovery strategy calls for large-scale public investment to “building back better.” Municipalities account for 45% of all public investment – which makes them a key partner in recovery efforts. As poles ...
Digitalisation in Europe 2020-2021
(2021)
Taking an early lead on digitalisation is crucial to Europe’s lasting competitiveness. Our newest digitalisation report sheds light on the state of digitalisation in European countries: The adoption of digital technologies ...
EIB Working Paper 2022/12 - Determinants of the exchange rate, its volatility and currency crash risk in Africa’s low and lower middle-income countries
(2022)
"The last three decades have witnessed substantial changes in the foreign exchange markets in Africa, with moves towards liberalisation and flexible exchange rate regimes. This has increased the influence of financial ...
EIB Investment Report 2019/2020 - Key Findings
(2019)
The Investment Report, issued annually by the European Investment Bank, provides a comprehensive overview and analysis of investment and the financing of investment in the European Union. It combines the exploration of ...
Feeding future generations
(2019)
The food sector is a strategic part of the European economy, but it faces many complex challenges: The sector is afraid of risk Spending on innovation is low The sector does not use technology adequately The financing ...
London
(2018)
Despite the uncertainties of Brexit, London continues to be rated as a leading location in Europe and the world for business, knowledge, and talent. But 30 years ago, when London had no citywide government, a transport ...
Going green
(2020)
Investments in energy efficiency improvements are vital to ensure Europe’s future as a sustainable, yet prosperous economy. Amid the COVID-19 crisis, however, there is a great risk of losing sight of the benefits of energy ...
A quantum leap in finance
(2023)
Quantum technologies offer a vision of a healthier, more sustainable and resilient Europe. They will one day enable disruptive innovations that could transform our societies, economies and almost all industries by solving ...
2023-0285 EIB Investment Survey - European Union Overview
(2023)
This unique insight into the corporate investment in the European Union examines companies 39; finance needs and the constraints they face. The 2023 edition also provides insight into the pressing issues facing firms, such ...
Smart Europe (Volume 4)
(2019)
A green digital economy could change the future of the Old Continent. The new Smart Europe will be based on three elements: new communication technologies, new sources of energy and new modes of mobility. But the transition ...
EIB Investment Report 2022/2023
(2023)
Political strife caused by the war in Ukraine, an energy crisis and tightening credit are hitting EU firms just as they were beginning to emerge from the COVID-19 crisis. While the pandemic was a major shock, sizable policy ...
EIB Working Paper 2023/03 -
(2023)
Does an increase in lending by multinational development banks affect the private lending activity in developing countries? This paper shows that this is indeed the case using data on loans and investments by the EIB in ...
A Partnership with Africa
(2021)
Africa is embarking upon a period in which its political, economic and social outlook will transform. The European Investment Bank is a key part of the EU toolbox that for decades has helped make the partnership between ...
Who is prepared for the new digital age?
(2020)
In the fight against the Coronavirus, digital technology is playing an unprecedented role in the maintenance of daily life and economic and social activities, as well as the recovery of industries and business activities. ...
EIB Working Paper 2021/01 - Towards a new growth model in CESEE
(2021)
The factors behind the pre-crisis growth model of the Central, Eastern and South-Eastern European EU countries (CESEE) region – skilled yet affordable labour force, foreign direct investment, imports of productivity-enhancing ...
Investment barriers in the European Union 2023
(2024)
Discover key insights from the Investment barriers report 2023, an authoritative assessment by the European Investment Bank Group on investment hurdles in the European Union. The report underscores the pivotal role of ...
Managing refuse-derived and solid recovered fuels
(2024)
Waste treatment practices generate left-over materials, including refused-derived fuels, which need to be managed effectively to meet the European Union’s ambitious circular economy targets, especially regarding landfilling.This ...
Global reach
(2020)
The greatest challenges we face to today are global. This is true for climate change and the need to build new models of sustainable and resilient development. It is equally true for the coronavirus pandemic that threatens ...
EIB Working Paper 2021/02 - The birth of new high growth enterprises
(2021)
Internationalisation and the adoption of new digital technologies play an important role in the formation of new high growth enterprises. This paper examines this relationship for high growth enterprises in Europe and the ...
EIB Working Paper 2023/05
(2023)
The COVID-19 shock had a strong negative effect on aggregate economic performance, with the average firm taking a hit on sales revenues and financial performance. However, the effects varied from firm to firm. Were ...
EIB Investment Report 2023/2024
(2024)
The European economy is under pressure. Growth is slowing and competitive challenges are rising, all while EU firms navigate the demands of the green transition. Coordinated support from national governments and EU ...
I have a dream (Volume 8)
(2019)
All athletes experience setbacks. But to have your limbs - the very tools you use to practice your sport - taken away by an illness at a young age is a setback that many would never overcome. Bebe Vio never gave up her ...
Burgas
(2019)
Burgas regularly tops the list of best places to live in Bulgaria. Whether enjoying a walk through the resplendent Sea Garden, relaxing on the beautiful central city beach, or enjoying a drink and fresh grilled fish at one ...
Warsaw
(2018)
With 3 million residents, the Metropolitan Warsaw region is today the ninth most-populated capital city in the EU. It has undergone a series of far-reaching changes to its economic structure over the past 50 years to attain ...
The EIB Group Climate Bank Roadmap 2021-2025
(2020)
The EIB Group Climate Bank Roadmap 2021-2025 outlines our goals for climate finance that supports the European Green Deal and helps make Europe carbon-neutral by 2050. It maps the next stages in the journey to a sustainable ...
EIB Working Papers 2019/10 - Structural and cyclical determinants of access to finance
(2020)
Egyptian firms face significant access to finance constraints. Using panel data, this paper examines the reasons why many Egyptian firms do not use formal banking services. Using data on the location of firms and bank ...
Three foundations
(2019)
Europe faces a historic opportunity. We need to reimagine European unity as a collective endeavour, as the only way in which we can turn threats to our way of life into the possibility to create a better life for all. This ...
On Water (Volume 1)
(2019)
When taking a drink is as easy as turning a tap, it is easy to forget that our water supply is fragile and that hundreds of millions of people do not have clean drinking water or proper sanitation.The human impact on our ...
Priorities for prosperity
(2024)
Citizens and businesses expect Europe to support investments for the future. Investments that improve lives. Investments that reinforce security and offer new opportunities. In 2024, the EIB Group unveiled a Strategic ...
The state of local infrastructure investment in Europe
(2025)
Local governments are on the front lines of some of today’s biggest challenges – climate change, affordable housing and equitable and effective education. But are they ready to invest at the scale needed? Our latest EIB ...
Central, Eastern and South-Eastern Europe (CESEE) Bank Lending Survey: Second half of 2024
(2024)
The CESEE Bank Lending Survey is a unique instrument developed in the context of the Vienna Initiative to monitor cross-border banking activities and deleveraging in Central, Eastern and South-Eastern Europe. It serves to ...
The EIB Climate Survey
(2024)
The seventh annual EIB Climate Survey provides valuable insight into how Europeans view the challenges and opportunities of adapting to climate change in 2024. 94% – a strong consensus across the European Union – agree ...
Climate financing in Latin America and the Caribbean
(2024)
In this publication, we provide an overview of climate risks in Latin America and Caribbean countries, using the European Investment Bank’s country climate risk scores. This is followed by an assessment of the region’s ...
The eastern horizon
(2020)
Countries and regions in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) have gone through several challenges. They went through totalitarian and authoritarian communist regimes, gained independence at the end of the 19th century, faced ...