Complicaciones neurológicas posterior a revascularización miocárdica

Abstract

Neurological complications represent a clinical challenge in the context of cardiac surgeries, considering that the frequency of performing these procedures ranges from 500 000 to 1 million per year in the world according to data provided by the world health organization, being myocardial revascularization (MRV) one of the most frequent after valve replacement and combination of surgeries such as valve change plus myocardial revascularization or myectomy, representing 10.5 % of all cardiac surgeries according to European series. Since the incursion of extracorporeal circulation (CPB) in 1953 as an important tool that allows maintaining peripheral circulation and oxygenation in conditions that exclude the heart, but try to preserve the functional mechanism, however, multiple complications that impact morbidity and mortality of patients have been reported, with great consequences on the central and peripheral nervous system. These neuropsychological dysfunctions vary in incidence according to the different series, but on average they range between 20-70 % of patients who are taken to cardiac surgery, reaching a 2 to 5 % those with serious injuries, giving way to a wide range of neurological complications, some of them potentially avoidable and others that require timely recognition to reduce sequelae. This is how we will develop interesting topics during the next chapter that include: epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment approach and new scientific challenges posed by daily clinical practice to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with these procedures.