TY  - BOOK
AU  - Tomás, Juan M.
AB  - The cytoplasm of Gram-negative bacteria is bound by three layers: an inner membrane, a layer of peptidoglycan, and an outer membrane. The outer membrane is an asymmetric lipidic bilayer, with phospholipids on its inner surface and lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) on the outside, with the latter being the major component of the outer leaflet and covering nearly three-quarters of the total outer cell surface. All LPSs possess the same general chemical architecture independently of bacterial activity (pathogenic, symbiotic, commensal), ecological niche (human, animal, soil, plant, water), or growth conditions. Endotoxins are large amphiphilic molecules consisting of a hydrophilic polysaccharide component and a covalently bound hydrophobic and highly conserved lipid component, termed lipid A (the endotoxin subunit). The polysaccharide component can be divided into two subdomains: the internal and conserved core region as well as the more external and highly variable O-specific chain, also referred to as the O-antigen due to its immunogenic properties. LPSs are endotoxins, one of the most potent class of activators of the mammalian immune system; they can be released from cell surfaces of bacteria during multiplication, lysis, and death. LPS can act through its biological center (lipid A component) on various cell types, of which macrophages and monocytes are the most important.
DO  - 10.3390/books978-3-03928-257-9
ID  - OAPEN ID: 44738
KW  - LAL and LER
KW  - cornea
KW  - Aeromonas
KW  - tear fluid
KW  - protein dynamics
KW  - O-antigen
KW  - Plesiomonas shigelloides
KW  - lipopolysaccharide induced TNF? factor
KW  - hepcidin
KW  - pJNK
KW  - rat
KW  - Proteus penneri
KW  - lipid A
KW  - LPS tolerance
KW  - iron regulatory protein 1 (IRP1)
KW  - MALDI-TOF MS
KW  - outer core oligosaccharide
KW  - inhibitor design
KW  - phagosome
KW  - lipopolysaccharide
KW  - NMR spectroscopy
KW  - Bordetellae
KW  - respiratory syncytial virus
KW  - dendritic cell
KW  - MAT
KW  - GT-B
KW  - polysorbate
KW  - Edwardsiella tarda
KW  - LPS
KW  - innate immune
KW  - d-galactan I
KW  - inflammation
KW  - aspirin
KW  - lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
KW  - collagen
KW  - heptosyltransferase
KW  - rhinovirus
KW  - serum resistance
KW  - hypothalamic inflammation
KW  - NMR
KW  - IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 pathway
KW  - glycosyltransferase
KW  - toll-like receptor
KW  - core oligosaccharide
KW  - Coxiella burnetii
KW  - virenose
KW  - oxidative stress
KW  - ESI FT-ICR
KW  - endotoxin
KW  - Salmonella
KW  - P65 (nuclear factor-?B)
KW  - nitric oxide (NO)
KW  - allergic respiratory disorder
KW  - bacteria
KW  - adhesion molecule
KW  - ESI MSn
KW  - endotoxaemia
KW  - HR-MAS
KW  - double-stranded RNA
KW  - epithelial cell
KW  - mouse
KW  - lipopolysaccharide stimulation
KW  - complement
KW  - inner core oligosaccharide
KW  - LPS aggregates
KW  - Q fever
KW  - O-acetylation
KW  - sepsis
KW  - chemokine
KW  - hygiene hypothesis
KW  - anti-conjugate serum
KW  - structural determination
KW  - Small Angle X-ray Scattering
KW  - genomics
KW  - mass spectrometry
KW  - keratocyte
KW  - insulin resistance
KW  - Low Endotoxin Recovery
KW  - phase transitions
KW  - Megalobrama amblycephala
KW  - Bordetella holmesii
KW  - Erwinia amylovora
KW  - structure
KW  - time response
KW  - fibroblast
KW  - genomic
KW  - sialic acid
KW  - ESI MS
KW  - reptile-associated salmonellosis
L1  - https://mdpi.com/books/pdfview/book/2012
LA  - English
LK  - https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/51778
PB  - MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
PY  - 2020
SN  - 9783039282562
SN  - 9783039282579
TI  - Lipopolysaccharides (LPSs)null
ER  - 
