TY  - BOOK
AU  - Florian Schmaltz
AU  - Martin Wolf
AU  - Bretislav Friedrich
AU  - Dieter Hoffmann
AU  - Jürgen Renn
AB  - On April 22, 1915, the German military released 150 tons of chlorine gas at Ypres, Belgium. Carried by a long-awaited wind, the chlorine cloud passed within a few minutes through the British and French trenches, leaving behind at least 1,000 dead and 4,000 injured. This chemical attack, which amounted to the first use of a weapon of mass destruction, marks a turning point in world history. The preparation as well as the execution of the gas attack was orchestrated by Fritz Haber, the director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry in Berlin-Dahlem. During World War I, Haber transformed his research institute into a center for the development of chemical weapons (and of the means of protection against them). Bretislav Friedrich and Martin Wolf (Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, the successor institution of Haber’s institute) together with Dieter Hoffmann, Jürgen Renn, and Florian Schmaltz (Max Planck Institute for the History of Science) organized an international symposium to commemorate the centenary of the infamous chemical attack. The symposium examined crucial facets of chemical warfare from the first research on and deployment of chemical weapons in WWI to the development and use of chemical warfare during the century hence. The focus was on scientific, ethical, legal, and political issues of chemical weapons research and deployment — including the issue of dual use — as well as the ongoing effort to control the possession of chemical weapons and to ultimately achieve their elimination. The volume consists of papers presented at the symposium and supplemented by additional articles that together cover key aspects of chemical warfare from 22 April 1915 until the summer of 2015.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51664-6
ID  - OAPEN ID: 27223
KW  - Anti-plant Chemical Warfare
KW  - Weapons of Mass Destruction
KW  - Military-Industrial Complex
KW  - Ethics of Chemical Warfare
KW  - Fritz Haber
KW  - Lethal Unitary Chemical Agents and Munitions
KW  - Chemical Weapons in the Middle East
KW  - Dual-use Problem
KW  - Chemical Weapons During World War II
KW  - 1925 Geneva Protocol
KW  - Chemical Weapons During World War I
L1  - https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-319-51664-6
LA  - English
LK  - https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/59187
PB  - Springer Nature
PY  - 2017
SN  - 9783319516646
SN  - 9783319516639
TI  - One Hundred Years of Chemical Warfare: Research, Deployment, Consequencesnull
ER  - 
